Heating is a highly technical system engineering, which requires not only good system design and construction, but also scientific operation. Otherwise, it will not only waste energy, but also fail to achieve good heating effect. Therefore, it is also important to do a good job in heating operation.
1. No operation adjustment curve (table)
Before the heating period, it is necessary to work out the adjustment curve (adjustment table) of heating network heating parameters with outdoor temperature change in this year's heating period according to the actual operation over the years. In case of intermittent water supply system, two curves (or tables) of primary network and secondary network shall be prepared at the same time. If the primary network is a "quality control system that changes the flow in stages", the circulating water volume of each stage, the number of boilers in operation, and the circulating water volume distribution table of each thermal power station should be calculated. During operation, it is carefully adjusted according to the change of outdoor climate to ensure the quality of heating and save energy. However, at present, many heating enterprises have never formulated these adjustment curves (tables), relying only on some incomplete experience and subjective prediction.
2. The operating temperature difference of the heating network is too small.
When the heating system delivers the same amount of heat, the smaller the difference between supply and return water temperatures, the greater the circulating water volume of the system, the greater the resistance loss of the pipe network, and the more power consumption. If the heating radius is large and the transportation distance is long, there may be a relay pump station in the middle. Many heating systems have relay pump stations, which is caused by unreasonable heating parameters and small water temperature difference between supply and return. Facts have proved that as long as the temperature difference between supply and return water is properly increased, the relay pump station can be cancelled. It not only saves a lot of construction investment, but also saves operating costs.
However, in many heating systems, the large temperature difference of primary network Z is only about 30 ℃, and the large temperature difference of secondary network Z is only about 5 ℃. A lot of electric energy is wasted. It should be emphasized that the standard design temperature difference of the secondary network is 25 ℃, that is, the design temperature difference of the indoor heating system. However, practice has proved that if heating is based on this temperature difference, there will be horizontal imbalance and vertical imbalance in the indoor heating system at the same time. Considering various factors, the ideal temperature difference between supply and return water of the secondary network should be controlled between 15~20 ℃. Therefore, we should fully realize the important role of improving the operating temperature difference between supply and return water.

3. Operation management cannot grasp the main contradiction.
Each heating system will have several main contradictions that affect the heating quality and energy-saving effect, such as heating, circulating water, temperature difference between supply and return water, pressure of supply and return water, hydraulic conditions, etc. But there must be one or two major contradictions that need to be resolved.
Generally speaking, when the heating and circulating water can meet or exceed the requirements, the heating effect mainly depends on the hydraulic conditions of the system, that is, not only the primary network should reach the hydraulic balance, but also the secondary network and the heating system in the building should reach the hydraulic balance through careful pipe network adjustment (the secondary network and the hydraulic balance in the building are often ignored). To eliminate hydraulic imbalance by all means is the primary condition for good operation of the heating system and the necessary condition for energy conservation, which should be carefully grasped.
4. The original intermittent heating mode is still used.
In some heating enterprises in small and medium-sized cities and counties, the original intermittent heating mode is still widely used and wrongly considered as a good way to save energy.
Intermittent heating is widely used in the steam heating era. When designing a heating system that provides heat in this way, the area of the radiator must be increased according to the requirements of the design code at that time. At the same time, the room temperature increases by more than 20 ℃ during heating, and drops below 16 ℃ when heating stops. With the progress of heating technology, in the initial stage of hot water heating promotion, some people are extending intermittent heating. However, the design of hot water heating system is based on continuous heating. The number of radiators is less than that of intermittent heating, which is not suitable for intermittent heating. Many engineers and technicians have done a lot of theoretical research and practical tests on which way is better, continuous heating or intermittent heating. The conclusion is that the intermittent heating mode in the hot water heating system not only has poor heating effect, large room temperature fluctuation, but also consumes more energy than continuous heating. At the same time, it will also bring a series of maintenance and adjustment problems (such as frequent gas storage in the system) because the system is unstable. Therefore, the intermittent heating mode has been gradually eliminated.
At present, the ideal heating mode is continuous heating throughout the heating period. The circulating water pump keeps running, so that the supply and return water temperature changes with the outdoor temperature. At the same time, according to the nature of the heat user and the heat consumption situation, "time-sharing and zoning" adjustment of heat supply and related heat supply parameters can achieve Z major energy saving (for example, different heat supply parameters can be used for different periods of time in school teaching buildings or office buildings). The design of heating system and control system should also be suitable for the "time-sharing and zoning" continuous heating mode, and the boilers and heat exchangers with heat sources should also implement better operation schemes.