In our days, natural gas is indispensable for cooking, water, bathing and heating everywhere. Do you know how to calculate the charge for natural gas?
Natural gas metering includes volume metering, mass metering and energy metering.
At present, volume measurement is the basic measurement method in China. Let's hope that Aunt Zhang downstairs knows that you went to work in the natural gas company and said, "Xiao Li! The house is not hot this year, so give me a thousand yuan." At this time, you have to tell Aunt Zhang in a righteous way: "You can't divide a thousand yuan into a whole number. Let's still take a thousand square meters!"
Although it is measured by volume in China, energy measurement and pricing has become the open trend of natural gas business and cost measurement and settlement in the world. In the 1990s, Xinglong country established relatively complete laws, regulations, standards and detection methods for natural gas business measurement.
Energy metering is adopted in Europe and America
The United States is the first country in the world to implement natural gas energy measurement. Volume measurement was used in the early 1980's, and energy measurement was first used in 1980, with the pricing unit of USD/MMBtu. Energy metering is adopted for natural gas pipeline transmission and distribution in the UK, and the pricing unit is Eurocents/(kW · h). The pipeline transmission company timely announces the calorific value of natural gas in each region, and the gas distribution company charges the gas distribution fee according to the annual gas consumption and discontinuability of users.
The global LNG (liquefied natural gas) business is mainly divided into three major malls in North America, Europe and the Asia Pacific region.
The quotation of LNG business in North America is completely market-based, and is based on the spot or futures quotation of Henry Hub in the United States; The pricing method linked with the quotation of alternative fuels is often used in the quotation of European LNG business; In the Asia Pacific region, the LNG business quotation is often directly linked to the quotation of imported crude oil.
Although the LNG business pricing methods of shopping malls in different regions are different, and the spot business quotations vary greatly, the energy metering method is adopted for the measurement method, and the unit is USD/MMBtu.
Energy metering is the main business of transnational natural gas pipeline
There are many transnational pipelines in Europe and the United States, but the energy metering method is also used. In Asia, volume metering is used. The cost of natural gas in Japan, Korea, South Korea and Japan is mainly imported LNG, and energy metering is also used.
So, how can they connect seamlessly?
Central Asia to China natural gas pipeline, China Russia East Line natural gas pipeline and some Russia to European countries natural gas pipeline adopt the volume measurement method, and the pricing unit is USD/103m?, The relevant contract terms will regulate the scale of natural gas calorific value. If the scale exceeds or is lower than the corresponding scale, the natural gas quotation needs to be adjusted accordingly.
Energy metering is a big trend. Of course, we can't stick to the beaten track!
In fact, in order to make China's natural gas measurement method in line with the world's conventional practice, China has studied the energy measurement of natural gas for more than ten years.
As early as 2003, the National Natural Gas Standardization Skills Committee established a standard skill group for the determination of natural gas energy, and issued and implemented the national standard Determination of Natural Gas Energy (GB/T22723-2008) in 2009.
The national standard for integrated transmission of natural gas, General Requirements for Exchangeability of Natural Gas Entering Long distance Pipeline Network (GB/Z33440-2016), has also been implemented since July 2017. It is reported that at present, the Natural Gas Research Institute of PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company has formed a good level of natural gas energy measurement skills.
