GIS system, namely Geographic Information System, is a technical system used to capture, store, manage, analyze and display geospatial data. It combines the knowledge and technology of geography, cartography, remote sensing, database and other disciplines to help people better understand and interpret geographical phenomena, simulate geographical processes, and make decisions and plans. The following is a detailed introduction to the GIS system:
1、 Basic concepts of GIS system
Definition: GIS is a specific spatial information system, which collects, stores, manages, calculates, analyzes, displays and describes the geographical distribution data in the earth's surface space with the support of computer software and hardware.
Interdisciplinary: GIS is the cross product of geography, cartography, information science, computer science and other disciplines.
2、 Composition of GIS system
Hardware: including computer, external storage devices (such as hard disk, USB flash disk, etc.), input devices (such as keyboard, mouse, scanner, GPS receiver, etc.) and output devices (such as monitor, printer, etc.).
Software: mainly including GIS software (such as ArcGIS, QGIS, etc.) and relevant data processing and analysis tools. These softwares provide functions such as data editing, query, update, verification and spatial analysis.
Data: GIS data can be divided into two types: geospatial data and attribute data. Geospatial data describes the spatial position and shape of geographical entities, such as points, lines, and faces; Attribute data describes the non spatial characteristics of geographical entities, such as name, type, size, etc.
3、 Basic functions of GIS system
Data acquisition: Obtain geospatial data through GPS survey, remote sensing image interpretation, geographic database import and other methods.
Data storage: use database management systems (such as Oracle Spatial, PostgreSQL/PostGIS, etc.) to store and organize geographic data.

Data management: provide functions such as data editing, query, update and verification, and support users to operate and manage geographic data.
Spatial analysis: It has powerful spatial analysis functions, including spatial relationship analysis, buffer analysis, network analysis, terrain analysis, etc., to help users understand the relationship and characteristics between geographical objects.
Map visualization: Visualize geographical data in the form of maps, support the production of thematic maps, symbolic maps, thermal maps, etc., and visually display the distribution and characteristics of geographical data.
4、 Application fields of GIS system
GIS system has a wide range of applications, including but not limited to the following aspects:
Environmental protection and management: used to establish environmental models and environmental information systems, monitor and evaluate environmental quality.
Urban planning and management: assist urban infrastructure management, land use planning, transportation network design, etc.
Agriculture: used for quasi agriculture, soil resource management, crop yield prediction, etc.
Geological exploration: support mineral resources exploration, geological disaster warning, etc.
Emergency response: provide rapid spatial information support in emergencies such as natural disasters and accident disasters.
5、 Development Trend of GIS System
With the continuous progress of science and technology and the growing demand for applications, GIS systems are developing in the following directions:
Integration: the integration with other information systems (such as MIS, OA, etc.) is getting higher and higher, forming a comprehensive information service platform.
Networking: Web based GIS technology is increasingly mature, supporting remote data access and sharing.
3D: 3D GIS technology is constantly developing, which can more realistically simulate and display the geographical space environment.
Intelligentization: realize intelligent analysis and decision support of GIS system by combining artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies.
To sum up, GIS, as an important spatial information system, plays an irreplaceable role in various fields. With the continuous progress of technology and the expansion of application fields, the function and performance of GIS system will be further improved and perfected.